Breast augmentation surgery: types of implants, indications and possible complications



Rarely, women are 100% sure of their appearance. Often the subject of distress becomes the chest. One does not like the small volume of the mammary gland, the others - the asymmetry of organs, and in the third after birth or sudden weight loss, the breast has lost its elasticity and began to sag. Feelings about their appearance reduce the self-esteem of women, adversely affecting her life in general. Therefore, breast augmentation surgery is most in demand in plastic surgery.



There are different ways to improve the appearance of the breast. But for a stable and long-lasting result, arthroplasty is considered the most reliable method. However, surgery is always fraught with risks and a woman has to make a number of important decisions before the upcoming operation. And one of them is the choice of implant.

What is a breast implant?

A medical device made from high-quality products that are biocompatible with the human body and designed to model the female breast in order to increase its size is called a breast implant.

Before the operation, the woman, together with the surgeon, should decide on the following implant parameters:



• endoprosthesis filler;
• implant size;
• round or drop-shaped;
• rough or smooth surface;
• low, high or medium profile.

The internal filler may be saline or silicone.

The first appeared endoprostheses, which are filled with saline. These are round bags made from silicone material. They can be filled with saline initially or filled with liquid directly during the operation. Some of these implants allow correction after the surgery. Physical saline is identical to blood plasma, therefore, when the endoprosthesis is ruptured, no side effects will occur.

Pros : requires a smaller incision, the operation is cheaper, you can immediately detect deflation.

Cons : high probability of displacement, deformation and ripples, less natural look than silicone implants.

Modern medical products intended for breast augmentation are also made in the form of a silicone bag (elastomer), but the endroprosthesis fillers have become fundamentally new - gel. The elastomer has also changed a bit.

Its surface can be smooth, rough and textured. If the implant pouch is damaged, the gel remains in its place and does not leak out. Therefore, the products are considered safe and it is they who now occupy a leading position in plastic surgery.

Pros : do not move, eliminated ripples, look as natural as possible.

Minuses : annual magnetic resonance scan is required to detect breaks, longer postoperative scar, high price.

Silicone fillers have varieties:

1. Cohesive silicone gel . It has a high density, reminiscent of the consistency of marmalade products. With this filler, only anatomical implants are available. Among the advantages can be noted the high practicality and the absence of deformation of the product. The disadvantages include the possible unnatural appearance (requires careful selection) and excessive hardness.
2. Hydrogel (bioimplant) . It gives the breast a natural, natural look. The material is a natural polymer carboxymethylcellulose. It is harmless to the body. In case of rupture, it biodegrades naturally.
3. Gel Soft Touch . Its characteristics are similar to cohesive filler, but less dense. When probing is estimated as a solid jelly, for example, aspic. This reduces negative aesthetic characteristics, since the chest is both natural and outwardly and to the touch.

The shape of the implant may be round, it is perfect for breast augmentation surgery due to asymmetry or omission of the mammary glands. Round endoprostheses differ in low, medium and high profiles. For example, for a lowered breast, a high profile would be better. These implants are easy to install and have a low price. Breast after mammoplasty looks the most voluminous and raised.

The second option is anatomical. Another name for the implant shape is drop-shaped. Provides natural natural contours of the breast. Ideal for those women who want to enlarge their flat breasts. It is harder for the surgeon to work with such forms of endoprostheses, so the operation is more expensive. The endoprosthesis is subject to displacement, therefore it is recommended to choose the textured surface of the silicone bag. Another disadvantage is unnatural breast lying.

Every woman has her own idea of ​​the perfect breast size . For one this is the second size, and for the other - the fifth. But in the case of breast augmentation, you should listen to the surgeon. He will select the optimal size of the breast implant, taking into account all the anatomical features of the patient.

The doctor takes into account such indicators as:



• proportionality of the figure and height;
• the state of the mammary glands (density and other indicators);
• own breast size;
• chest girth;
• skin condition.

It is believed that a single breast size corresponds to 150 ml of silicone filler.

Accordingly, if a woman has the first breast size, then to achieve the third size, an implant of 300 ml is required.

There are no medical indications for breast augmentation. Only the desire of the woman herself to look more attractive can serve as a cause of surgery.

The appearance of the mammary glands is influenced by many factors: muscle development, the amount of fat, the symmetry of the organs, the size of the chest, and the elasticity of the muscles.

But even if in her youth her breasts looked perfect, then over time her form may change for the worse.

The main reasons for the desire of women to enlarge breasts:

• displeased with the size of her breasts;
• too small breasts;
• organs are not symmetrical (one gland is greater than the other);
• after a dramatic weight loss, the chest drooped heavily;
• after pregnancy and breastfeeding, the glands mutated, losing elasticity and shape;
• the disproportionality of the figure (wide hips and small breasts).

Contraindications:

• the formation of the mammary glands (up to 18 years);
• any oncological diseases;
• acute infectious diseases;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• inflammatory skin diseases;
• propensity to form keloids;
• diabetes;
• allergic reaction to silicone;
• mental disorders;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• bleeding disorders.

You can not do surgery during pregnancy or breastfeeding. If a woman plans to lose weight, then it must be done before breast augmentation surgery. During the rehabilitation period (first 3 months), weight fluctuations of more than 5 kilograms should not be allowed.

Risks and complications:

1. Capsular contracture. This complication leads to the formation of fibrous tissue around the implant. As a result, the breast becomes unnaturally firm.
2. Shift the implant . He can move down, up and sideways. Most often, the surgeon manages to put it in place without re-operation.
3. The divergence of the seams . Occurs as a result of improper care in the postoperative period.
4. Loss of nipple sensation . Usually this is a temporary phenomenon, but due to negligence, the surgeon can cauterize the thin nerve endings around the nipple, and then the sensitivity does not recover.
5. Ripples on the chest . This possible complication occurs when installing salt implants. Wrinkling often occurs in thin women.
6. Slapping . Another defect that can be only when installing endoprostheses with saline. Surrounding this sound can not be heard, but a woman can be very annoying.
7. Implant rupture . This complication occurs no more often than 1-3% per year. If there has been a rupture of the silicone bag, then an operation is needed to replace the endoprosthesis.
8. Interference in the examination of the mammary glands . For the diagnosis of cancer, women undergo mammography. However, implants make diagnosis difficult. As there are more women enlarging their breasts, scientists have developed a new method for studying the mammary glands, which is now being actively introduced into clinics.

Deciding on breast augmentation surgery is not worth saving. This is a complicated surgical intervention, which in inexperienced hands can not only lead to complications, but also unjustified expectations. Therefore, you need to carefully review the patient reviews about clinics and practicing surgeons.

The price of the operation varies from 120 to 230 thousand rubles (together with implants). Some famous surgeons estimate their work, excluding implants and other expenses, at 120-170 thousand rubles.

What are the methods of surgery to increase the mammary glands?

Mammoplasty helps to get rid of the complexes, to establish harmonious relationships with her husband and, in general, to change the life of a woman for the better. If the decision about the operation is made, then it is necessary to choose a clinic and a professional surgeon to whom a woman can entrust such a delicate matter. Preliminary consultation is necessary to study the state of the breast and the choice of the method of conducting an operation to increase the mammary glands.

There are several ways to increase breast.

Breast augmentation with the use of implants, this is the most common operation. It consists in implanting an endoprosthesis into the mammary gland. As mentioned above, implants come in different sizes and shapes. The successful choice of endoprosthesis guarantees the aesthetic result that a woman wants to get. The operation is performed by several methods, which differ in the place where the surgeon makes an incision.

Breast lift (mastopexy). It is carried out, if the woman is dissatisfied with a breast form: has dropped or not elastic enough, nipples look down and other shortcomings. Often this is accompanied by the installation of the endoprosthesis.

There are different techniques and methods for braces:

• Anchor It is used for severe breasts with pronounced ptosis. The incision is made around the areola, then vertically down and horizontally along the crease line. As a result of such an operation, there are more scars than other methods. Therefore, the anchor technique is used rarely and in those cases when you need to reduce the breast.
• Keyhole. The technique of the operation is similar to the previous one, except for the horizontal section. Suitable for a moderate degree of omission of the breast.
• Donut Cuts are made only along the perimeter of the halo. It is suitable if the sagging of the chest is not pronounced. But experienced surgeons perform this technique in cases where the sagging of the chest significantly.
• Crescent. The surgeon makes an incision only on the upper part of the areola. The skin is removed from above and a tightening effect is achieved.

Breast augmentation or recovery after mastectomy . Surgery on the breast after removal of the gland requires high professionalism from the surgeon. Breast volume is restored both by the patient’s own tissues and by implants. The methods of the surgery depend on whether the skin and the areola with the nipple were preserved.

Endoscopic breast augmentation. The operation to enlarge the mammary glands with an endoscope is the safest and least traumatic method. The incision is made in the armpit. With the help of special equipment that provides visual control, the surgeon introduces an implant under the pectoral muscle. This method is characterized by a rapid period of rehabilitation and a high result. In addition, the breast glands are not affected, which is very important for women planning to have children.

Breast augmentation surgery: methods and progress

Any woman who wants to enlarge breasts is worried about whether scars will be visible.

There are different methods of performing the operation, which involve cuts in different places of the chest. The doctor informs the patient about the methods of the surgery at a consultation.

Depending on the result that the woman wants to achieve and the current state of the mammary glands, the doctor selects the best mammoplasty technique.

Operation methods:

• The first option is a cut in the area of ​​the fold under the breast (submammar technique). In this case, a small scar remains, which is almost imperceptible under the fold of the breast gland. This method damages a small amount of soft tissue. Submammar access is the easiest for the technique of execution.
• The second option - the surgeon makes a cut in the armpit (axillary technique). This is a more complicated operation and requires high professionalism of the surgeon. As a result, small scars remain, which are even less noticeable than in the first method.
• The third option is to access the implant through the incisions around the halo (peri-polaris technique). Breast augmentation surgery with this method is suitable for women who do not plan for future breastfeeding.

Preparation for surgery

At the preliminary consultation, the surgeon examines the gland, listens to the patient's wishes and performs a computerized breast modeling. To exclude contraindications, a woman must undergo a medical examination.

Studies required for approval of the operation:

• biochemical analyzes of urine and blood;
• mammography;
• blood test for sugar;
• cardiogram;
• fluorography.

Shortly before the surgery, the doctor gives the patient recommendations that will help to avoid complications.

What you can not do before the operation to increase the breast glands:

• To smoke It is necessary to refuse cigarettes no less than a month before the surgical intervention.
• Take blood thinners: aspirin and a number of anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Drink alcohol a few days before surgery.
• Doing sports the day before a scheduled event.
• To eat and drink water from the evening before the operation.

Before coming to the clinic, you need to wipe off the nail polish. Clothes should be taken that which is unbuttoned in front. If the patient on the eve took any medication, you must inform your doctor.

The course of the operation.

Plastic surgery to increase the breast glands is performed under general anesthesia. The duration of the surgery is 1-3 hours.

After anesthesia, the surgeon makes incisions at a predetermined mark and cauterizes the small bleeding vessels.

The cavity in which the endoprosthesis will be placed, the surgeon forms already without incisions. The implant can be placed between the gland tissue and the pectoral muscle, directly in the muscle tissue (surrounded on all sides), under the glandular tissue. Tampons soaked in disinfecting and hemostatic preparations are placed in a pocket.

After forming the pockets, the surgeon opens the packages with implants and disinfects them. Then he takes the tampons out of his pocket and puts the endoprosthesis in their place.

When the implant installation work is over, all that remains is to stitch up the tissue. The doctor first stitches on deep tissue, and then stitches the skin.

At the final stage, the seams are sealed with special stripes, and the patient is put on compression underwear and taken to the ward.

How to care for breast after augmentation mammoplasty

The first day after surgery, the patient is observed in the hospital.

If the condition of the woman does not cause concern, then the next day she can go home.

The first week the patient is worried about severe pain that needs to be removed with analgesics. Chest swells, hematomas may appear.

A woman should go for dressings to the clinic every day. The rest of the time she is recommended bed rest. She can do simple chores after ten days. At the same time allowed to take a shower.

Two weeks later, the doctor removes the stitches and gives the patient recommendations on how to care for the breast after an increase mammoplasty:

• Wear compression garments for at least 3 months.
• During 1-2 months it is forbidden to visit the bath or sauna.
• After 3 weeks it is recommended to undergo a course of lymphatic drainage massage.
• You can do sports not earlier than in a month.
• You can not sunbathe or visit the solarium for 3-4 months.
• For six months you should wear comfortable underwear made from natural fabrics.
• Care should be taken with the breast, excluding injury.

Enlarging mammoplasty involves a long recovery period. With proper care, a woman can see the final result only after 2-3 months.

After the operation, negative consequences may occur:

• Infectious infection due to lack of sterility of the instruments, the surgical field or during the post-operative care.
• Unpleasant or painful sensations in the breast glands can last up to one year.
• There may be rough scars or scars that will spoil the aesthetic appeal of the breast.
• The result does not always justify the expectation: too large breasts, ugly form or insufficient size.

If the patient has listened to the doctor's recommendations: in the choice of implants, method of operation and behavior in the postoperative period, the result will certainly please her. What brought disappointment will be a source of pride.

Обвислая грудь станет приподнятой, асимметрия исчезнет, великолепные контуры груди вернут рожавшей женщине утраченное. Красивая и упругая грудь продлит молодость и сексуальность даже дамам в возрасте. Посмотреть результаты операции можно на фото, размещенных в сети интернет.

Теоретически, грудные импланты не нуждаются в замене, так как современные производители дают пожизненный срок службы таким изделиям. Имплант требуется заменить только в том случае, если произошел разрыв мешочка, что встречается очень редко.

Есть и физиологические причины повторной операции. Это резкое изменение веса и, как следствие, изменение формы груди или деформация грудной железы после грудного вскармливания.